|
List of dangerous snakes is an overview of the snakes that pose a significant health risk to humans, through snakebites or other physical trauma. The varieties of snake that most often cause serious snakebites depends on the region of the world. In Africa the most dangerous species include mambas, Egyptian cobras, puff adders, and carpet vipers; in the Middle East the species of greatest concern are carpet vipers and elapids; in Central and South America, ''Bothrops'' and ''Crotalus'' are of greatest concern. The latter including rattlesnakes. In South Asia it has historically been believed that Indian cobras, common kraits, Russell's viper and carpet vipers were the most dangerous species, however other snakes may also cause significant problems in this area of the world. While several species of snakes may cause more bodily destruction than others, any of these venomous snakes are still very capable of causing human fatality should a bite go untreated, regardless of their venom capabilities or behavioral tendencies. ==Most venomous== (詳細はmedian lethal dose () test is measured : Subcutaneous : Venom is injected into the fatty layer beneath the skin. Intravenous : Venom is injected directly into a vein. Intramuscular : Venom is injected into a muscle. Intraperitoneal : Venom is injected into the abdominal cavity. The most commonly tested methods are subcutaneous and intravenous injections of mice. Subcutaneous is the most applicable to actual bites. Only large Bitis or extremely large Bothrops or Crotalus specimens would be able to deliver a bite that is truly intramuscular. IV injections are extremely rare in actual bites. Testing using dry venom mixed with 0.1% bovine serum albumin in saline, gives more consistent results than just saline alone. Belcher's sea snake (''Hydrophis belcheri''), which is often mistakenly called the ''hook-nosed sea snake'' (Enhydrina schistosa), has been erroneously popularized as the most venomous snake in the world, due to Ernst and Zug's published book "Snakes in Question: The Smithsonian Answer Book" from 1996. Associate Professor Bryan Grieg Fry, a prominent venom expert, has clarified the error: "The hook-nosed myth was due to a fundamental error in a book called 'Snakes in Question'. In there, all the toxicity testing results were lumped in together, regardless of the mode of testing (e.g. subcutaneous vs. intramuscular vs. intravenous vs. intraperitoneal). As the mode can influence the relative number, venoms can only be compared within a mode. Otherwise, it's apples and rocks.".〔〔http://books.google.com/books?ei=iidDU6TqKqKv4AT_wIDQBg&hl=iw&id=TuY5AQAAIAAJ&dq=Snakes+in+question:+the+Smithsonian+answer+book&q=Subcutaneous&redir_esc=y〕 Belcher's sea snake's actual LD50 (recorded only intramuscularly) is 0.24 mg/kg and 0.155 mg/kg.〔 The inland taipan is considered the most venomous snake in the world. It is the most venomous when tested on mice and the most venomous when tested on human heart cell culture.〔(Fry, Bryan ) (February 08, 2005) (Most Venomous ),"Q;I was wondering what snakes venom is the most potent to humans A:Drop for drop it is the inland taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus), which has a venom more toxic than any other land snake or even the sea snakes." venomdoc.com Forums, Retrieved April 17, 2014〕〔Seymour, Jamie, (World's Worst Venom ), (Min 44.33) "Among the reptiles tested, the most toxic venom belongs to inland taipan, killing over 60% of heart cells in the first 10 minutes" National Geographic Channel Retrieved April 17, 2014〕〔Seymour, Jamie (Venom deathmatch ) "They have the most toxic venom towards humans then any other snake in the world" (min 1:49) National Geographic Channel, Retrieved April 17, 2014〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of dangerous snakes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|